<\/div>\n\n\n\n
P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 skolas Baltijas valst\u012bs ir sask\u0101ru\u0161\u0101s ar surog\u0101tpastu par spr\u0101dziena draudiem. B\u0113rni, skolot\u0101ji un vec\u0101ki ir noraiz\u0113ju\u0161ies, jo ir gr\u016bti nov\u0113rt\u0113t, vai inform\u0101cija ir patiesa un past\u0101v re\u0101li draudi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inform\u0101cijas haosa apst\u0101k\u013cos saskaramies ar da\u017e\u0101diem inform\u0101cijas veidiem, kas var neb\u016bt patiesa un kait\u0113t mums. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mald\u012bga inform\u0101cija<\/strong> (misinformation<\/em>) neapzin\u0101ti nepareiza vai maldino\u0161a inform\u0101cija.
Dezinform\u0101cija<\/strong> (disinformation<\/em>) apzin\u0101ti nepatiesa vai maldino\u0161a inform\u0101cija, kas kalpo t\u0101s rad\u012bt\u0101ja vai izplat\u012bt\u0101ja m\u0113r\u0137im. Nev\u0113lams termins ir \u201cmald\u012bga inform\u0101cija\u201d.
\u013bauninform\u0101cija <\/strong>(malinformation<\/em>) patiesa inform\u0101cija, kas tiek izplat\u012bta ar m\u0113r\u0137i rad\u012bt kait\u0113jumu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Skol\u0113ni un skolot\u0101ji var uzlabot savu iztur\u012bbu pret inform\u0101ciju, cen\u0161oties analiz\u0113t da\u017e\u0101da veida inform\u0101ciju, ar kuriem vi\u0146i ikdien\u0101 saskaras un izprotot, k\u0101p\u0113c noteikti teksti, att\u0113li un v\u0113st\u012bjumi ir efekt\u012bv\u0101ki nek\u0101 citi. \u0160is raksts un tests skar kr\u0101p\u0161anas sh\u0113mas, tom\u0113r tas ir attiecin\u0101ms ar\u012b uz pa\u0161reiz\u0113jiem spr\u0101dzienu surog\u0101tpastu un inform\u0101cijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u pla\u0161\u0101k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u012bs vienk\u0101r\u0161i principi pal\u012bdz sevi pasarg\u0101t no kr\u0101p\u0161anas un nepatiesas inform\u0101cijas<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nIkviens cilv\u0113ks var sevi pasarg\u0101t no kr\u0101p\u0161anas sh\u0113mu un nepatiesas inform\u0101cijas kait\u0113juma, iev\u0113rojot tr\u012bs vienk\u0101r\u0161us principus, kurus, balstoties uz da\u017e\u0101diem saviem p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, ir apkopoju\u0161i Tartu Universit\u0101tes soci\u0101lo zin\u0101t\u0146u p\u0113tnieki Kristjans Kikerpills (Kristjan Kikerpill)<\/em> un Marju Himma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
FOTO: KRISTJANS KIKERPILLS <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nPolicija k\u0101rt\u0113jo reizi inform\u0113, ka kr\u0101pnieki, uzdodoties par k\u0101rt\u012bbsargiem vai bankas darbiniekiem, izkr\u0101pj no cilv\u0113kiem desmitiem t\u016bksto\u0161us eiro. Vai st\u0101sts, k\u0101 draud\u0113ts public\u0113t tie\u0161saist\u0113 ieg\u016btas cilv\u0113ka int\u012bm\u0101s bildes un upuris, protams, ir samaks\u0101jis. Dzird\u0113ts ar\u012b gad\u012bjums, kad cilv\u0113ks sekoja soci\u0101lajos medijos redz\u0113tai inform\u0101cijai par labi pelno\u0161u ieguld\u012bjumu sh\u0113mu, kas beig\u0101s atst\u0101ja \u201cinvestorus\u201d tuk\u0161\u0101m rok\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0160os, \u0161\u0137ietami pam\u0101co\u0161os st\u0101stus var st\u0101st\u012bt bezgal\u012bgi, bet no t\u0101 nav nek\u0101da labuma. Nepiecie\u0161ami univers\u0101li pamatprincipi. Tartu Universit\u0101tes doktorants Kristjans Kikerpills sav\u0101 doktora disert\u0101cij\u0101 ir p\u0113t\u012bjis noziedz\u012bbu k\u0101 komunik\u0101ciju. Proti, k\u0101du inform\u0101ciju, kas pal\u012bdz nov\u0113rst k\u013c\u016b\u0161anu par upuri, cilv\u0113ki sa\u0146em pazi\u0146ojumos par tie\u0161saistes kr\u0101p\u0161an\u0101m un manipul\u0101cijas uzbrukumiem, piem\u0113ram, situ\u0101cij\u0101, kad no cilv\u0113kiem cen\u0161as izkr\u0101pt naudu pa telefonu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017durn\u0101listikas p\u0113tniece Marju Himma piedal\u0101s medijprat\u012bbas projekt\u0101 SMaRT-EU, kur\u0101 tiek mekl\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101di veidi, k\u0101 cilv\u0113kam sevi aizst\u0101v\u0113t no manipulat\u012bvas vai kait\u012bgas inform\u0101cijas. P\u0113c savstarp\u0113j\u0101m diskusij\u0101m Kikerpills un Himma non\u0101ca pie secin\u0101juma, ka aizsardz\u012bb\u0101 pret noziedz\u012bgi manipulat\u012bviem uzbrukumiem un viltus zi\u0146u kampa\u0146\u0101m pal\u012bdz sal\u012bdzino\u0161i l\u012bdz\u012bgi principi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ikviens var k\u013c\u016bt par upuri<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nMu\u013c\u0137im mu\u013c\u0137a alga \u2013 atskan, sa\u0161utum\u0101 \u0161\u016bpojot galvu un lasot k\u0101rt\u0113jo st\u0101stu, kad k\u0101ds ir k\u013cuvis par kr\u0101p\u0161anas upuri. \u201cJa tiek atrasta \u012bst\u0101 situ\u0101cija, \u012bstais konteksts un \u012bstais v\u0101jais punkts, ko konkr\u0113taj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b izmantot, tad neviens nav simtprocent\u012bgi pasarg\u0101ts no kr\u0101p\u0161anas. Nepamatota nek\u013c\u016bd\u012bguma saj\u016bta un nom\u0101co\u0161a v\u0113lme \u013cauni priec\u0101ties par upuri ir paz\u012bme, kas izpau\u017eas tiem, kuri pa\u0161i nav k\u013cuvu\u0161i par prasm\u012bgas kr\u0101p\u0161anas upuriem,\u201c konstat\u0113 Kikerpills. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
To pa\u0161u var attiecin\u0101t uz viltus zi\u0146\u0101m vai jebk\u0101das citas formas inform\u0101cijas trauc\u0113jumiem, secina Himma. Bie\u017ei nepatiesas zi\u0146as vair\u0101k izskat\u0101s p\u0113c zi\u0146\u0101m, nek\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101listikas jaunumi. \u201cIr izplat\u012bts nepareizs priek\u0161stats, ka nepatiesas zi\u0146as izplat\u0101s \u017eurn\u0101listik\u0101, jo ja ir zi\u0146a, tad t\u0101 ir \u017eurn\u0101listika,\u201d nor\u0101da Himma. Paties\u012bb\u0101 nepatiesas zi\u0146as p\u0101rsvar\u0101 tiek izplat\u012btas alternat\u012bvo mediju izdevumos un soci\u0101lajos medijos. To kop\u0113j\u0101 iez\u012bme ir emocion\u0101la pievilc\u012bba: tiek piesaist\u012bta uzman\u012bba ar b\u012bstam\u012bbu vai negat\u012bvu inform\u0101ciju, k\u0101 ar\u012b tiek musin\u0101ts uz zin\u0101mu r\u012bc\u012bbu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cTie\u0161i nesen Facebook <\/em>uzklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101ju uz raksta ar Kajas Kallasas fotoatt\u0113lu un virsrakstu, ka ierobe\u017eojumu d\u0113\u013c tiek zaud\u0113ta pa\u0161savald\u012bba. Lapa v\u0113l nebija piln\u012bb\u0101 atv\u0113rusies, kad sapratu, ka t\u0101 ir safabric\u0113ta lapa, kas, dom\u0101jams, man\u0101 dator\u0101 ievietoja \u013caunat\u016bru,\u201d st\u0101sta Himma. Ja \u0161\u0101d\u0101 viltus inform\u0101cijas slazd\u0101 iek\u013c\u016bst mediju p\u0113tniece, tad tas var notikt ar ikvienu. <\/p>\n\n\n\nP\u0101rbaudi avotu, bet maini kan\u0101lu<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nLai gan visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais ieteikums ir p\u0101rbaud\u012bt inform\u0101cijas avotu, ne vienm\u0113r tas nostr\u0101d\u0101. Propaganda vai ar kait\u0113jo\u0161u m\u0113r\u0137i izplat\u012bta inform\u0101cija var b\u016bt piln\u012bgi patiesa. Tom\u0113r izv\u0113les un uzsvars tiek likts uz to, lai nep\u0101rtraukti izplat\u012btais st\u0101sts par k\u0101du t\u0113mu atst\u0101tu vienpus\u0113ju, bie\u017ei vien kaitino\u0161u vai ba\u017e\u012bgu un naidu kurino\u0161u iespaidu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cInform\u0101cija ir j\u0101p\u0101rbauda. P\u0101rsvar\u0101 pietiek ar parastu mekl\u0113t\u0101jprogrammu. K\u0101da atbilde tiek sa\u0146emta par inform\u0101cijas avotu? Vai atbilde ir viena un t\u0101 pati da\u017e\u0101dos, savstarp\u0113ji izsl\u0113dzo\u0161os avotos?\u201d nor\u0101da Himma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kikerpills piemetina, ka kr\u0101pniec\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 nav noz\u012bmes, vai tiek sa\u0146emts e-pasts, telefona zvans vai kr\u0101pnieks pats pieklauv\u0113 pie durv\u012bm. Svar\u012bgi inform\u0101ciju p\u0101rbaud\u012bt k\u0101d\u0101 cit\u0101 kan\u0101l\u0101. E-pasta gad\u012bjum\u0101 neklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101t uz taj\u0101 eso\u0161o saiti vai pielikumu, bet Google <\/em>mekl\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 mekl\u0113t, piem\u0113ram, v\u0113stules s\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju. Telefona zvan\u0101 apgalvoto var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt ar jaut\u0101jumu \u0123imenes loceklim vai pazi\u0146am, vai t\u0101pat mekl\u0113jot apgalvojumam pier\u0101d\u012bjumu internet\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201cKr\u0101p\u0161anai kan\u0101ls nav \u0161\u0137\u0113rslis,\u201d secina Kikerpills. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka cilv\u0113kiem nevajadz\u0113tu dom\u0101t, ka noteikta veida kr\u0101p\u0161ana izplat\u0101s tikai noteiktos kan\u0101los. Glu\u017ei pret\u0113ji, kr\u0101p\u0161anai ir univers\u0101las paz\u012bmes neatkar\u012bgi no kan\u0101la, kur t\u0101 tiek veikta. T\u0101p\u0113c kr\u0101pnieku var pie\u0137ert, p\u0101rbaudot inform\u0101ciju cit\u0101 kan\u0101l\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viena kr\u0101p\u0161anas un nepatiesas inform\u0101cijas kop\u012bga paz\u012bme ir mudin\u0101jums r\u012bkoties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piev\u0113rs uzman\u012bbu, vai tevi mudina r\u012bkoties<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nApl\u016bko interesantu pied\u0101v\u0101jumu, apmekl\u0113 lapu, atver pielikumu, iz\u0146em naudu no bankas, nop\u0113rc t\u016bl\u012bt, tas apdraud ar\u012b tevi, dod piek\u013cuvi, p\u0101rskaiti naudu, paraksti pet\u012bciju… Vai paman\u0101t kaut ko vienojo\u0161u? Tas ir aicin\u0101jums r\u012bkoties uzreiz vai noska\u0146ot sevi ilg\u0101k\u0101 perspekt\u012bv\u0101 noteiktai uzved\u012bbai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u201cAr\u012b klik\u0161\u0137in\u0101\u0161ana ir r\u012bc\u012bba!\u201d v\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu Kikerpills. Himma piemetina, ka caur dezinform\u0101ciju var cilv\u0113ku mudin\u0101t noteikt\u0101 veid\u0101 balsot v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s, protest\u0113t pret (politiskiem) l\u0113mumiem vai izplat\u012bt bailes un paniku, kas, k\u0101 zin\u0101ms, t\u0101l\u0101k izplat\u0101s no mutes mut\u0113. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u0101d\u0113\u013c, lai sevi pasarg\u0101tu no kr\u0101p\u0161anas un inform\u0101cijas trauc\u0113jumiem, uzreiz j\u0101izv\u0113rt\u0113, vai un ko j\u016bs mudina dar\u012bt. \u201cJa ir uzsaukums, tad sa\u0146emt\u0101 inform\u0101cija kritiski j\u0101p\u0101rbauda,\u201d saka Himma. \u201cApst\u0101jies!\u201d saka Kikerpills un piebilst: \u201cNesteidzies! Naudai nav \u0101tri j\u0101paz\u016bd. Re\u0101l\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s, kur\u0101s patie\u0161\u0101m j\u0101p\u0101rskaita nauda, tam tiek noteikti termi\u0146i un dots laiks.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bie\u017ei kr\u0101pnieki izmanto tie\u0161i steigu: \u201c\u0101tri p\u0101rskaiti naudu\u201d, \u201cja ieguld\u012bsi tagad, tad g\u016bsi lielu pe\u013c\u0146u\u201d, \u201cj\u016bsu tuviniekam t\u016bl\u012bt nepiecie\u0161ama pal\u012bdz\u012bba\u201d. Steiga rada paniku, kur\u0101 vairums cilv\u0113ku nesp\u0113j skaidri dom\u0101t, k\u0101 ar\u012b s\u0101k pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumus un r\u012bkoties, vadoties p\u0113c emocij\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u0101 k\u0101 kr\u0101pnieku un viltus inform\u0101cijas izplat\u012bt\u0101ju uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas modelis ir balst\u012bts p\u0101rliecin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, vi\u0146i bie\u017ei izmanto pa\u0161reiz\u0113jos soci\u0101los notikumus, lai p\u0101rliecin\u0101tu par v\u0113st\u012bjumu, kas v\u0113rsts uz r\u012bc\u012bbu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di kr\u0101p\u0161anai un viltus inform\u0101cijai tiek izveidots noder\u012bgs fons jeb soci\u0101ls konteksts. Kontekstam var tikt izmantoti gan politiski konflikti, Ziemassv\u0113tki vai pieejama pensiju nauda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atpaz\u012bsti apel\u0113\u0161anu pie emocij\u0101m<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nVarb\u016bt esat dzird\u0113ju\u0161i par situ\u0101ciju, kad ubags uz ielas t\u016bristam l\u016bdz 10 eiro savam \u0161odien dzimu\u0161ajam b\u0113rnam. \u201cPaties\u012bb\u0101 iepriek\u0161\u0113jos \u010detrus m\u0113ne\u0161us vi\u0146am katru dienu ir dzimis b\u0113rns,\u201d st\u0101sta Kikerpills, atceroties savu pieredzi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kr\u0101pnieki \u0161\u0101das situ\u0101cijas ir labi p\u0101rdom\u0101ju\u0161i un iestud\u0113ju\u0161i. Vi\u0146i apel\u0113 pie cilv\u0113ku emocij\u0101m un past\u0101v tikai viens m\u0113r\u0137is: pan\u0101kt, lai upuris nekav\u0113joties s\u0101k r\u012bkoties atbilsto\u0161i nor\u0101d\u012bjumiem. Piem\u0113ram, noklik\u0161\u0137ina uz saites vai uzst\u0101da nezin\u0101mu programmat\u016bru, un nodod kr\u0101pniekiem nepiecie\u0161amos datus. Kr\u0101pniekiem ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi svar\u012bgi kontrol\u0113t situ\u0101ciju un t\u0101 ir kop\u012bga iez\u012bme vis\u0101m kr\u0101p\u0161an\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nepatiesas zi\u0146as vai inform\u0101cija ar jebk\u0101du citu maldino\u0161u vai kait\u012bgu saturu vienm\u0113r izraisa sp\u0113c\u012bgas emocijas. \u201cT\u0101 var m\u016bs kaut kam pretnostat\u012bt vai likt sp\u0113c\u012bgi l\u012bdzp\u0101rdz\u012bvot. Piem\u0113ram, vakcin\u0101cijas pretinieku sp\u0113c\u012bgi uzrun\u0101 emocion\u0101ls st\u0101sts par vakc\u012bnu kait\u012bgo ietekmi. Tie\u0161i t\u0101ds var ar\u012b b\u016bt inform\u0101cijas izplat\u012bt\u0101ja m\u0113r\u0137is \u2013 pastiprin\u0101t cilv\u0113ka eso\u0161o nost\u0101ju,\u201d skaidro Himma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u013boti izplat\u012bta ir kr\u0101pniec\u012bbas sh\u0113ma, kur\u0101 no cilv\u0113kiem tiek l\u016bgta nauda negad\u012bjum\u0101 cietu\u0161am tuviniekam vai v\u0101kti l\u012bdzek\u013ci smagi slimam cilv\u0113kam. P\u0113c \u0101tras inform\u0101cijas p\u0101rbaud\u012b\u0161anas mekl\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 izr\u0101d\u0101s, ka tas ir izdom\u0101ts varonis.
Ja sa\u0146em inform\u0101ciju, kas izraisa l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu, dusmas, skumjas, bailes vai cita veida sp\u0113c\u012bgas saj\u016btas un liek emocion\u0101li rea\u0123\u0113t, izv\u0113rt\u0113, vai t\u0101 var\u0113tu b\u016bt k\u0101da \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bga v\u0113lme tevi apkr\u0101pt vai ietekm\u0113t ar nepatiesu inform\u0101ciju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
ZAGLI TURI<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nAtsevi\u0161\u0137i st\u0101sti ne\u013cauj m\u0101c\u012bties, ko dar\u012bt sav\u0101d\u0101k. Dr\u012bz\u0101k ir nepiecie\u0161ami pamatprincipi, k\u0101 atpaz\u012bt potenci\u0101lu kr\u0101p\u0161anu. \u201cAp ugunskuru netiek st\u0101st\u012bti st\u0101sti vienk\u0101r\u0161i t\u0101pat. K\u0101ds ir pasaku st\u0101st\u012b\u0161anas m\u0113r\u0137is? Taj\u0101 vienm\u0113r ir k\u0101ds m\u0101c\u012bbu grauds,\u201d st\u0101sta Kikerpills. Mekl\u0113jot kop\u0113jas iez\u012bmes kiberkr\u0101p\u0161an\u0101, vi\u0146\u0161 atkl\u0101ja \u0161o visp\u0101r\u012bgi sp\u0113k\u0101 eso\u0161o pam\u0101co\u0161o modeli, kas pal\u012bdz atpaz\u012bt inform\u0101cijas trauc\u0113jumus. Tie ir apkopoti v\u0101rdu sp\u0113l\u0113 \u201cZAGLI TURI\u201d. Kr\u0101p\u0161anas b\u016bt\u012bbu apraksta \u0161\u0101di atsl\u0113gas v\u0101rdi: zi\u0146a, apst\u0101k\u013ci, gaid\u012bt\u0101 r\u012bc\u012bba, kr\u0101pnieka ieguvums.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n(Pa\u0161)tests:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\nAtbildi br\u012bv\u0101 form\u0101: izst\u0101sti k\u0101das kr\u0101p\u0161anas sh\u0113mas piem\u0113ru, ar kuru esi pats sask\u0101ries vai par kuru biji dzird\u0113jis pirms \u0161\u012b raksta izlas\u012b\u0161anas. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nK\u0101 parasti izplat\u0101s viltus zi\u0146as?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 vakara zi\u0146u p\u0101rraid\u0113s\u00a0
\u2013 izklaides rubrik\u0101s dienas laikrakstu tie\u0161saistes port\u0101los\u00a0
\u2013 radio zi\u0146u raid\u012bjumos, kam nav laika p\u0101rbaud\u012bt zi\u0146as\u00a0
\u2013 galvenok\u0101rt caur alternat\u012bviem un soci\u0101liem medijiem<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> Ko noz\u012bm\u0113 emocion\u0101li pievilc\u012bga inform\u0101cija?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 inform\u0101cija izraisa sp\u0113c\u012bgas saj\u016btas<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 zi\u0146as j\u0101izplata ar smaidu\u00a0
\u2013 kibernoziedzniekiem lab\u0101k veicas, ja vi\u0146i ir pievilc\u012bgi\u00a0
\u2013 pozit\u012bva inform\u0101cija \u0101tr\u0101k izplat\u0101s\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> K\u0101 mediju p\u0113tniece Marju Himma ieteica p\u0101rbaud\u012bt inform\u0101ciju?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 vair\u0101kk\u0101rt\u012bgi apmekl\u0113t vienu lapu, lai p\u0101rliecin\u0101tos, ka inform\u0101cija ir nemain\u012bga\u00a0
\u2013 p\u0101rbaud\u012bt inform\u0101cijas avotus, noklik\u0161\u0137inot rakst\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101s hipersaites un saist\u012btos rakstus\u00a0
\u2013 mekl\u0113t, vai \u0161\u012b inform\u0101cija ir pieejama ar\u012b citos, savstarp\u0113ji \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgos avotos<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 lab\u0101k\u0101 metode – dom\u0101\u0161ana ar savu galvu\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> Ko dar\u012bt, ja e-past\u0101 sa\u0146em nedaudz d\u012bvainu (piem\u0113ram, vi\u0146ai nerakstur\u012bgas gramatikas k\u013c\u016bdas un v\u0113stules s\u0101kums ir p\u0101r\u0101k ofici\u0101ls) v\u0113stuli no savas mammas, kura l\u016bdz tev noklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101t uz saites un vi\u0146ai pal\u012bdz\u0113t?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 protams, noklik\u0161\u0137inu un pal\u012bdzu! Neesmu jau nek\u0101ds psihop\u0101ts\u00a0
\u2013 zvanu mammai un jaut\u0101ju, vai vi\u0146a ir man s\u016bt\u012bjusi e-pastu<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 noklik\u0161\u0137inu uz saites, bet vispirms aizveru visus p\u0101r\u0113jos logus un lapas\u00a0
\u2013 uzreiz izdz\u0113\u0161u v\u0113stuli, nemaz neizlasot l\u012bdz galam\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> Ko noz\u012bm\u0113 Kristjana Kikerpilla apgalvojums, ka \u201cKr\u0101p\u0161anai kan\u0101ls nav \u0161\u0137\u0113rslis\u201d?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 kr\u0101p\u0161anai ir univers\u0101las paz\u012bmes, neatkar\u012bgi no \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ca<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 kr\u0101p\u0161ana parasti tiek sl\u0113pta aiz \u013coti neitr\u0101las valodas\u00a0
\u2013 visas kr\u0101p\u0161anas tiek v\u0113rstas uz vis\u0101m eso\u0161aj\u0101m platform\u0101m\u00a0
\u2013 lai nov\u0113rstu kr\u0101p\u0161anas, j\u0101rada vair\u0101k kan\u0101lu\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> Ja tev tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ta laba iesp\u0113ja \u0101tri nopeln\u012bt naudu (\u201cp\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 iesp\u0113ja!\u201d, \u201cinvest\u0113jot t\u016bl\u012bt, sa\u0146emsi pe\u013c\u0146u!\u201d), tad mediju p\u0113tnieki iesaka:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 \u0101tri iemet kr\u0101jkas\u012bti pa ekr\u0101nu\u00a0
\u2013 nesteidzies, jo naudai nav \u0101tri j\u0101paz\u016bd<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 \u0101tri \u0137er iesp\u0113ju aiz astes, jo nauda negaida\u00a0
\u2013 pie pirm\u0101s iesp\u0113jas p\u0101rskaiti naudu un citiem neko nest\u0101sti, sav\u0101d\u0101k pe\u013c\u0146a mazin\u0101sies\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\nAtbildi br\u012bv\u0101 form\u0101: \u201cT\u0101 k\u0101 kr\u0101pnieku un viltus inform\u0101cijas izplat\u012bt\u0101ju uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas modelis ir balst\u012bts p\u0101rliecin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, vi\u0146i bie\u017ei izmanto pa\u0161reiz\u0113jos soci\u0101los notikumus, lai p\u0101rliecin\u0101tu par v\u0113st\u012bjumu, kas v\u0113rsts uz r\u012bc\u012bbu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di kr\u0101p\u0161anai un viltus inform\u0101cijai tiek izveidots noder\u012bgs fons jeb soci\u0101ls konteksts. Kontekstam var tikt izmantoti gan politiski konflikti, Ziemassv\u0113tki vai pieejama pensiju nauda. Mini v\u0113l \u0161obr\u012bd aktu\u0101lu t\u0113mu piem\u0113rus, ko kr\u0101pnieki var izmantot, lai uzb\u016bv\u0113tu savas kr\u0101pniecisk\u0101s sh\u0113mas un st\u0101st\u012bt saviem upuriem. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nKas ir sp\u0113c\u012bgas emocijas, kas var m\u016bs pamudin\u0101t uzklik\u0161\u0137in\u0101t uz kr\u0101pniecisk\u0101m sait\u0113m un k\u013c\u016bt par citu kr\u0101pniec\u012bbas sh\u0113mu upuriem?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 prieks, piem\u0113ram, ka esmu laim\u0113jis miljons eiro!<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 bailes, piem\u0113ram, ja nemaks\u0101\u0161u, tad tiks public\u0113ti mani vebkameras ieraksti!<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 dusmas, piem\u0113ram, (NB! nepatiesa!) inform\u0101cija, ka no r\u012btdienas vald\u012bba liek visiem katru dienu vakcin\u0113ties<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 iek\u0101re, piem\u0113ram, \u013coti skaists un seks\u012bgs cilv\u0113ks l\u016bdz nopirkt lidma\u0161\u012bnas bi\u013ceti, lai var\u0113tu mani apciemot\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0
\u2013 l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bba, piem\u0113ram, j\u0101pal\u012bdz apmaks\u0101t kuc\u0113na, kur\u0161 uzk\u0101pis uz sauszemes m\u012bnas, \u0101rst\u0113\u0161an\u0101s izdevumus<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\nK\u0101das ir \u201cTURI ZAGLI\u201d sast\u0101vda\u013cas saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o rakstu?\u00a0<\/strong> \u2013 maize, kartupe\u013ci, ener\u0123ijas dz\u0113riens, ekl\u0113ri\u00a0
\u2013 e-kan\u0101los vilt\u012bgi atbr\u012bvojies no pi\u0137a\u00a0
\u2013 skand\u0101li, kauti\u0146i, emocijas, element\u0101ri, mediji\u00a0
\u2013 zi\u0146a, apst\u0101k\u013ci, gaid\u0101m\u0101 r\u012bc\u012bba, ieguvums<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Maria Murum\u0101-Mengela Tartu Universit\u0101tes asoci\u0113t\u0101 profesore mediju p\u0113tniec\u012bb\u0101 maria.murumaa@ut.ee P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 skolas Baltijas valst\u012bs ir sask\u0101ru\u0161\u0101s ar surog\u0101tpastu par spr\u0101dziena draudiem. B\u0113rni, skolot\u0101ji un vec\u0101ki ir noraiz\u0113ju\u0161ies, jo ir gr\u016bti nov\u0113rt\u0113t, vai inform\u0101cija ir patiesa un past\u0101v re\u0101li draudi. Inform\u0101cijas haosa apst\u0101k\u013cos saskaramies ar da\u017e\u0101diem inform\u0101cijas veidiem, kas var neb\u016bt patiesa un kait\u0113t mums. Mald\u012bga inform\u0101cija (misinformation) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lv"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Pal\u012bgmateri\u0101ls skolot\u0101jam - kr\u0101p\u0161anas sh\u0113mu dekonstrukcijas pal\u012bgmateri\u0101li\u00a0 - Becid<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n